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收錄于熱門專欄Java基礎(chǔ)教程系列(進(jìn)階篇)
在實(shí)際的項(xiàng)目開(kāi)發(fā)中,對(duì)象間賦值普遍存在,隨著雙十一、秒殺等電商過(guò)程愈加復(fù)雜,數(shù)據(jù)量也在不斷攀升,效率問(wèn)題,浮出水面。
問(wèn):如果是你來(lái)寫對(duì)象間賦值的代碼,你會(huì)怎么做?
答:想都不用想,直接代碼走起來(lái),get、set即可。
問(wèn):下圖這樣?
答:對(duì)啊,你怎么能把我的代碼放到網(wǎng)上?
問(wèn):沒(méi),我只是舉個(gè)例子
答:這涉及到商業(yè)機(jī)密,是很嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題
問(wèn):我發(fā)現(xiàn)你挺能扯皮啊,直接回答問(wèn)題行嗎?
答:OK,OK,我也覺(jué)得這樣寫很low,上次這么寫之后,差點(diǎn)挨打
對(duì)象太多,ctrl c + strl v,鍵盤差點(diǎn)沒(méi)敲壞;
而且很容易出錯(cuò),一不留神,屬性沒(méi)對(duì)應(yīng)上,賦錯(cuò)值了;
代碼看起來(lái)很傻缺,一個(gè)類好幾千行,全是get、set復(fù)制,還起個(gè)了自以為很優(yōu)雅的名字transfer;
如果屬性名不能見(jiàn)名知意,還得加上每個(gè)屬性的含義注釋(基本這種賦值操作,都是要加的,注釋很重要,注釋很重要,注釋很重要);
代碼維護(hù)起來(lái)很麻煩;
如果對(duì)象過(guò)多,會(huì)產(chǎn)生類爆炸問(wèn)題,如果屬性過(guò)多,會(huì)嚴(yán)重違背阿里巴巴代碼規(guī)約(一個(gè)方法的實(shí)際代碼最多20行);
問(wèn):行了,行了,說(shuō)說(shuō),怎么解決吧。
答:很簡(jiǎn)單啊,可以通過(guò)工具類Beanutils直接賦值啊
問(wèn):我聽(tīng)說(shuō)工具類最近很卷,你用的哪個(gè)啊?
答:就Apache自帶的那個(gè)啊,賊簡(jiǎn)單。我手寫一個(gè),給你欣賞一下。
問(wèn):你這代碼報(bào)錯(cuò)啊,避免用Apache Beanutils進(jìn)行屬性的copy。
答:沒(méi)報(bào)錯(cuò),只是嚴(yán)重警告而已,代碼能跑就行,有問(wèn)題再優(yōu)化唄
問(wèn):你這什么態(tài)度?人事在哪劃拉的人,為啥會(huì)出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重警告?
答:拿多少錢,干多少活,我又不是XXX,應(yīng)該是性能問(wèn)題吧
問(wèn):具體什么原因?qū)е碌哪?#xff1f;
答:3000塊錢還得手撕一下 apache copyProperties的源代碼唄?
通過(guò)單例模式調(diào)用copyProperties,但是,每一個(gè)方法對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)BeanUtilsBean.getInstance()實(shí)例,每一個(gè)類實(shí)例對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)實(shí)例,這不算一個(gè)真正的單例模式。
public static void copyProperties(Object dest, Object orig) throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {BeanUtilsBean.getInstance().copyProperties(dest, orig);
}
性能瓶頸 --> 日志太多也是病
通過(guò)源碼可以看到,每一個(gè)copyProperties都要進(jìn)行多次類型檢查,還要打印日志。
/*** org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils.copyProperties方法源碼解析*/
public void copyProperties(Object dest, Object orig) throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {// 類型檢查if (dest == null) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("No destination bean specified");} else if (orig == null) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("No origin bean specified");} else {// 打印日志if (this.log.isDebugEnabled()) {this.log.debug("BeanUtils.copyProperties(" + dest + ", " + orig + ")");}int var5;int var6;String name;Object value;// 類型檢查// DanyBean 提供了可以動(dòng)態(tài)修改實(shí)現(xiàn)他的類的屬性名稱、屬性值、屬性類型的功能if (orig instanceof DynaBean) {// 獲取源對(duì)象所有屬性DynaProperty[] origDescriptors = ((DynaBean)orig).getDynaClass().getDynaProperties();DynaProperty[] var4 = origDescriptors;var5 = origDescriptors.length;for(var6 = 0; var6 < var5; ++var6) {DynaProperty origDescriptor = var4[var6];// 獲取源對(duì)象屬性名name = origDescriptor.getName();// 判斷源對(duì)象是否可讀、判斷目標(biāo)對(duì)象是否可寫if (this.getPropertyUtils().isReadable(orig, name) && this.getPropertyUtils().isWriteable(dest, name)) {// 獲取對(duì)應(yīng)的值value = ((DynaBean)orig).get(name);// 每個(gè)屬性都調(diào)用一次copyPropertythis.copyProperty(dest, name, value);}}} else if (orig instanceof Map) {Map<String, Object> propMap = (Map)orig;Iterator var13 = propMap.entrySet().iterator();while(var13.hasNext()) {Map.Entry<String, Object> entry = (Map.Entry)var13.next();String name = (String)entry.getKey();if (this.getPropertyUtils().isWriteable(dest, name)) {this.copyProperty(dest, name, entry.getValue());}}} else {PropertyDescriptor[] origDescriptors = this.getPropertyUtils().getPropertyDescriptors(orig);PropertyDescriptor[] var14 = origDescriptors;var5 = origDescriptors.length;for(var6 = 0; var6 < var5; ++var6) {PropertyDescriptor origDescriptor = var14[var6];name = origDescriptor.getName();if (!"class".equals(name) && this.getPropertyUtils().isReadable(orig, name) && this.getPropertyUtils().isWriteable(dest, name)) {try {value = this.getPropertyUtils().getSimpleProperty(orig, name);this.copyProperty(dest, name, value);} catch (NoSuchMethodException var10) {}}}}}
}
通過(guò) jvisualvm.exe 檢測(cè)代碼性能
再通過(guò)jvisualvm.exe檢測(cè)一下運(yùn)行情況,果然,logging.log4j赫然在列,穩(wěn)居耗時(shí)Top1。
問(wèn):還有其它好的方式嗎?性能好一點(diǎn)的
答:當(dāng)然有,據(jù)我了解有 4 種工具類,實(shí)際上,可能會(huì)有更多,話不多說(shuō),先簡(jiǎn)單介紹一下。
org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtils;
org.springframework.cglib.beans.BeanCopier;
org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils;
問(wèn):那你怎么不用?
答:OK,我來(lái)演示一下
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {User user = new User();user.setUserId("1");user.setUserName("測(cè)試編程");user.setCardId("123");user.setCreateTime("2023-01-03");user.setEmail("666666666@qq.com");user.setOperate("測(cè)試");user.setOrgId("46987916");user.setPassword("123456");user.setPhone("10086");user.setRemark("456");user.setSex(1);user.setStatus("1");user.setTel("110");user.setType("0");user.setUpdateTime("2023-01-05");User target = new User();int sum = 10000000;apacheBeanUtilsCopyTest(user,target,sum);commonsPropertyCopyTest(user,target,sum);cglibBeanCopyTest(user,target,sum);springBeanCopyTest(user,target,sum);}private static void apacheBeanUtilsCopyTest(User source, User target, int sum) {StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();stopWatch.start();for (int i = 0; i < sum; i++) {apacheBeanUtilsCopy(source,target);}stopWatch.stop();System.out.println("使用org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils方式賦值"+sum+"個(gè)user對(duì)象,耗時(shí):"+stopWatch.getLastTaskTimeMillis()+"毫秒");}/*** org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils方式*/private static void apacheBeanUtilsCopy(User source, User target) {try {BeanUtils.copyProperties(source, target);} catch (Exception e) {}}private static void commonsPropertyCopyTest(User source, User target, int sum) {StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();stopWatch.start();for (int i = 0; i < sum; i++) {commonsPropertyCopy(source,target);}stopWatch.stop();System.out.println("使用org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtils方式賦值"+sum+"個(gè)user對(duì)象,耗時(shí):"+stopWatch.getLastTaskTimeMillis()+"毫秒");}/*** org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtils方式*/private static void commonsPropertyCopy(User source, User target) {try {PropertyUtils.copyProperties(target, source);} catch (Exception e) {}}private static void cglibBeanCopyTest(User source, User target, int sum) {StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();stopWatch.start();for (int i = 0; i < sum; i++) {cglibBeanCopy(source,target);}stopWatch.stop();System.out.println("使用org.springframework.cglib.beans.BeanCopier方式賦值"+sum+"個(gè)user對(duì)象,耗時(shí):"+stopWatch.getLastTaskTimeMillis()+"毫秒");}/*** org.springframework.cglib.beans.BeanCopier方式*/static BeanCopier copier = BeanCopier.create(User.class, User.class, false);private static void cglibBeanCopy(User source, User target) {copier.copy(source, target, null);}private static void springBeanCopyTest(User source, User target, int sum) {StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();stopWatch.start();for (int i = 0; i < sum; i++) {springBeanCopy(source,target);}stopWatch.stop();System.out.println("使用org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils.copyProperties方式賦值"+sum+"個(gè)user對(duì)象,耗時(shí):"+stopWatch.getLastTaskTimeMillis()+"毫秒");}/*** org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils.copyProperties方式*/private static void springBeanCopy(User source, User target) {org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils.copyProperties(source, target);}
}
“四大金剛” 性能統(tǒng)計(jì)
不測(cè)不知道,一測(cè)嚇一跳,差的還真的多。
spring cglib BeanCopier性能最好,apache BeanUtils性能最差。
性能走勢(shì) --> spring cglib BeanCopier優(yōu)于 spring copyProperties優(yōu)于 apache PropertyUtils優(yōu)于 apache BeanUtils
避免用Apache Beanutils進(jìn)行屬性的copy的問(wèn)題 上面分析完了,下面再看看其它的方法做了哪些優(yōu)化。
Apache PropertyUtils 源碼分析
從源碼可以清晰的看到,類型檢查變成了非空校驗(yàn),去掉了每一次copy的日志記錄,性能肯定更好了。
類型檢查變成了非空校驗(yàn)
去掉了每一次copy的日志記錄
實(shí)際賦值的地方由copyProperty變成了DanyBean + setSimpleProperty;
DanyBean 提供了可以動(dòng)態(tài)修改實(shí)現(xiàn)他的類的屬性名稱、屬性值、屬性類型的功能。
public void copyProperties(Object dest, Object orig) throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException {// 判斷數(shù)據(jù)源和目標(biāo)對(duì)象不是nullif (dest == null) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("No destination bean specified");} else if (orig == null) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("No origin bean specified");} else {// 刪除了org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils.copyProperties中最為耗時(shí)的log日志記錄int var5;int var6;String name;Object value;// 類型檢查if (orig instanceof DynaBean) {// 獲取源對(duì)象所有屬性DynaProperty[] origDescriptors = ((DynaBean)orig).getDynaClass().getDynaProperties();DynaProperty[] var4 = origDescriptors;var5 = origDescriptors.length;for(var6 = 0; var6 < var5; ++var6) {DynaProperty origDescriptor = var4[var6];// 獲取源對(duì)象屬性名name = origDescriptor.getName();// 判斷源對(duì)象是否可讀、判斷目標(biāo)對(duì)象是否可寫if (this.isReadable(orig, name) && this.isWriteable(dest, name)) {try {// 獲取對(duì)應(yīng)的值value = ((DynaBean)orig).get(name);// 相對(duì)于org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils.copyProperties此處有優(yōu)化// DanyBean 提供了可以動(dòng)態(tài)修改實(shí)現(xiàn)他的類的屬性名稱、屬性值、屬性類型的功能if (dest instanceof DynaBean) {((DynaBean)dest).set(name, value);} else {// 每個(gè)屬性都調(diào)用一次copyPropertythis.setSimpleProperty(dest, name, value);}} catch (NoSuchMethodException var12) {if (this.log.isDebugEnabled()) {this.log.debug("Error writing to '" + name + "' on class '" + dest.getClass() + "'", var12);}}}}} else if (orig instanceof Map) {Iterator entries = ((Map)orig).entrySet().iterator();while(true) {Map.Entry entry;String name;do {if (!entries.hasNext()) {return;}entry = (Map.Entry)entries.next();name = (String)entry.getKey();} while(!this.isWriteable(dest, name));try {if (dest instanceof DynaBean) {((DynaBean)dest).set(name, entry.getValue());} else {this.setSimpleProperty(dest, name, entry.getValue());}} catch (NoSuchMethodException var11) {if (this.log.isDebugEnabled()) {this.log.debug("Error writing to '" + name + "' on class '" + dest.getClass() + "'", var11);}}}} else {PropertyDescriptor[] origDescriptors = this.getPropertyDescriptors(orig);PropertyDescriptor[] var16 = origDescriptors;var5 = origDescriptors.length;for(var6 = 0; var6 < var5; ++var6) {PropertyDescriptor origDescriptor = var16[var6];name = origDescriptor.getName();if (this.isReadable(orig, name) && this.isWriteable(dest, name)) {try {value = this.getSimpleProperty(orig, name);if (dest instanceof DynaBean) {((DynaBean)dest).set(name, value);} else {this.setSimpleProperty(dest, name, value);}} catch (NoSuchMethodException var10) {if (this.log.isDebugEnabled()) {this.log.debug("Error writing to '" + name + "' on class '" + dest.getClass() + "'", var10);}}}}}}
}
通過(guò) jvisualvm.exe 檢測(cè)代碼性能
再通過(guò)jvisualvm.exe檢測(cè)一下運(yùn)行情況,果然,logging.log4j沒(méi)有了,其他的基本不變。
Spring copyProperties 源碼分析
判斷數(shù)據(jù)源和目標(biāo)對(duì)象的非空判斷改為了斷言;
每次copy沒(méi)有日志記錄;
沒(méi)有if (orig instanceof DynaBean) {這個(gè)類型檢查;
增加了放開(kāi)權(quán)限的步驟;
private static void copyProperties(Object source, Object target, @Nullable Class<?> editable,@Nullable String... ignoreProperties) throws BeansException {// 判斷數(shù)據(jù)源和目標(biāo)對(duì)象不是nullAssert.notNull(source, "Source must not be null");Assert.notNull(target, "Target must not be null");/*** 若target設(shè)置了泛型,則默認(rèn)使用泛型* 若是 editable 是 null,則此處忽略* 一般情況下editable都默認(rèn)為null*/Class<?> actualEditable = target.getClass();if (editable != null) {if (!editable.isInstance(target)) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("Target class [" + target.getClass().getName() +"] not assignable to Editable class [" + editable.getName() + "]");}actualEditable = editable;}// 獲取target中全部的屬性描述PropertyDescriptor[] targetPds = getPropertyDescriptors(actualEditable);// 需要忽略的屬性List<String> ignoreList = (ignoreProperties != null ? Arrays.asList(ignoreProperties) : null);for (PropertyDescriptor targetPd : targetPds) {Method writeMethod = targetPd.getWriteMethod();// 目標(biāo)對(duì)象存在寫入方法、屬性不被忽略if (writeMethod != null && (ignoreList == null || !ignoreList.contains(targetPd.getName()))) {PropertyDescriptor sourcePd = getPropertyDescriptor(source.getClass(), targetPd.getName());if (sourcePd != null) {Method readMethod = sourcePd.getReadMethod();/*** 源對(duì)象存在讀取方法、數(shù)據(jù)是可復(fù)制的* writeMethod.getParameterTypes()[0]:獲取 writeMethod 的第一個(gè)入?yún)㈩愋? readMethod.getReturnType():獲取 readMethod 的返回值類型* 判斷返回值類型和入?yún)㈩愋褪欠翊嬖诶^承關(guān)系,只有是繼承關(guān)系或相等的情況下,才會(huì)進(jìn)行注入*/if (readMethod != null &&ClassUtils.isAssignable(writeMethod.getParameterTypes()[0], readMethod.getReturnType())) {try {// 放開(kāi)讀取方法的權(quán)限if (!Modifier.isPublic(readMethod.getDeclaringClass().getModifiers())) {readMethod.setAccessible(true);}// 通過(guò)反射獲取值Object value = readMethod.invoke(source);// 放開(kāi)寫入方法的權(quán)限if (!Modifier.isPublic(writeMethod.getDeclaringClass().getModifiers())) {writeMethod.setAccessible(true);}// 通過(guò)反射寫入值writeMethod.invoke(target, value);}catch (Throwable ex) {throw new FatalBeanException("Could not copy property '" + targetPd.getName() + "' from source to target", ex);}}}}}
}
總結(jié)
阿里的友情提示,避免用Apache Beanutils進(jìn)行對(duì)象的copy,還是很有道理的。Apache Beanutils的性能問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)在類型校驗(yàn)和每一次copy的日志記錄;Apache PropertyUtils 進(jìn)行了如下優(yōu)化:
類型檢查變成了非空校驗(yàn)
去掉了每一次copy的日志記錄
實(shí)際賦值的地方由copyProperty變成了DanyBean + setSimpleProperty;
Spring copyProperties 進(jìn)行了如下優(yōu)化:
判斷數(shù)據(jù)源和目標(biāo)對(duì)象的非空判斷改為了斷言;
每次copy沒(méi)有日志記錄;
沒(méi)有if (orig instanceof DynaBean) {這個(gè)類型檢查;
增加了放開(kāi)權(quán)限的步驟;