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Spring Boot工程集成驗(yàn)證碼生成與驗(yàn)證功能教程

驗(yàn)證碼是一種常見(jiàn)的安全機(jī)制，用于防止自動(dòng)化工具（如爬蟲(chóng)）對(duì)網(wǎng)站進(jìn)行惡意操作。在Web應(yīng)用中，驗(yàn)證碼通常以圖像的形式出現(xiàn)，要求用戶(hù)輸入圖像中顯示的字符。本文將介紹如何在Spring Boot工程中實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)隨機(jī)生成驗(yàn)證碼的功能。

1. 創(chuàng)建驗(yàn)證碼工具類(lèi)

首先，我們需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建一個(gè)工具類(lèi)VerifyCodeUtils，用于生成隨機(jī)驗(yàn)證碼并輸出為圖像。

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Random;public class VerifyCodeUtils {//使用到Algerian字體，系統(tǒng)里沒(méi)有的話需要安裝字體，字體只顯示大寫(xiě)，去掉了1,0,i,o幾個(gè)容易混淆的字符public static final String VERIFY_CODES = "23456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ";private static Random random = new Random();/*** 使用系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)字符源生成驗(yàn)證碼** @param verifySize 驗(yàn)證碼長(zhǎng)度* @return*/public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize) {return generateVerifyCode(verifySize, VERIFY_CODES);}/*** 使用指定源生成驗(yàn)證碼** @param verifySize 驗(yàn)證碼長(zhǎng)度* @param sources    驗(yàn)證碼字符源* @return*/public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize, String sources) {if (sources == null || sources.length() == 0) {sources = VERIFY_CODES;}int codesLen = sources.length();Random rand = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());StringBuilder verifyCode = new StringBuilder(verifySize);for (int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++) {verifyCode.append(sources.charAt(rand.nextInt(codesLen - 1)));}return verifyCode.toString();}/*** 生成隨機(jī)驗(yàn)證碼文件,并返回驗(yàn)證碼值** @param w* @param h* @param outputFile* @param verifySize* @return* @throws IOException*/public static String outputVerifyImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, int verifySize) throws IOException {String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);outputImage(w, h, outputFile, verifyCode);return verifyCode;}/*** 輸出隨機(jī)驗(yàn)證碼圖片流,并返回驗(yàn)證碼值** @param w* @param h* @param os* @param verifySize* @return* @throws IOException*/public static String outputVerifyImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, int verifySize) throws IOException {String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);outputImage(w, h, os, verifyCode);return verifyCode;}/*** 生成指定驗(yàn)證碼圖像文件** @param w* @param h* @param outputFile* @param code* @throws IOException*/public static void outputImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, String code) throws IOException {if (outputFile == null) {return;}File dir = outputFile.getParentFile();if (!dir.exists()) {dir.mkdirs();}try {outputFile.createNewFile();FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);outputImage(w, h, fos, code);fos.close();} catch (IOException e) {throw e;}}/*** 輸出指定驗(yàn)證碼圖片流** @param w* @param h* @param os* @param code* @throws IOException*/public static void outputImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, String code) throws IOException {int verifySize = code.length();BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);Random rand = new Random();Graphics2D g2 = image.createGraphics();g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);Color[] colors = new Color[5];Color[] colorSpaces = new Color[]{Color.WHITE, Color.CYAN,Color.GRAY, Color.LIGHT_GRAY, Color.MAGENTA, Color.ORANGE,Color.PINK, Color.YELLOW};float[] fractions = new float[colors.length];for (int i = 0; i < colors.length; i++) {colors[i] = colorSpaces[rand.nextInt(colorSpaces.length)];fractions[i] = rand.nextFloat();}Arrays.sort(fractions);g2.setColor(Color.GRAY);// 設(shè)置邊框色g2.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);Color c = getRandColor(200, 250);g2.setColor(c);// 設(shè)置背景色g2.fillRect(0, 2, w, h - 4);//繪制干擾線Random random = new Random();g2.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));// 設(shè)置線條的顏色for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {int x = random.nextInt(w - 1);int y = random.nextInt(h - 1);int xl = random.nextInt(6) + 1;int yl = random.nextInt(12) + 1;g2.drawLine(x, y, x + xl + 40, y + yl + 20);}// 添加噪點(diǎn)float yawpRate = 0.05f;// 噪聲率int area = (int) (yawpRate * w * h);for (int i = 0; i < area; i++) {int x = random.nextInt(w);int y = random.nextInt(h);int rgb = getRandomIntColor();image.setRGB(x, y, rgb);}shear(g2, w, h, c);// 使圖片扭曲g2.setColor(getRandColor(100, 160));int fontSize = h - 4;Font font = new Font("Algerian", Font.ITALIC, fontSize);g2.setFont(font);char[] chars = code.toCharArray();for (int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++) {AffineTransform affine = new AffineTransform();affine.setToRotation(Math.PI / 4 * rand.nextDouble() * (rand.nextBoolean() ? 1 : -1), (w / verifySize) * i + fontSize / 2, h / 2);g2.setTransform(affine);g2.drawChars(chars, i, 1, ((w - 10) / verifySize) * i + 5, h / 2 + fontSize / 2 - 10);}g2.dispose();ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", os);}private static Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {if (fc > 255)fc = 255;if (bc > 255)bc = 255;int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);return new Color(r, g, b);}private static int getRandomIntColor() {int[] rgb = getRandomRgb();int color = 0;for (int c : rgb) {color = color << 8;color = color | c;}return color;}private static int[] getRandomRgb() {int[] rgb = new int[3];for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {rgb[i] = random.nextInt(255);}return rgb;}private static void shear(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {shearX(g, w1, h1, color);shearY(g, w1, h1, color);}private static void shearX(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {int period = random.nextInt(2);boolean borderGap = true;int frames = 1;int phase = random.nextInt(2);for (int i = 0; i < h1; i++) {double d = (double) (period >> 1)* Math.sin((double) i / (double) period+ (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)/ (double) frames);g.copyArea(0, i, w1, 1, (int) d, 0);if (borderGap) {g.setColor(color);g.drawLine((int) d, i, 0, i);g.drawLine((int) d + w1, i, w1, i);}}}private static void shearY(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {int period = random.nextInt(40) + 10; // 50;boolean borderGap = true;int frames = 20;int phase = 7;for (int i = 0; i < w1; i++) {double d = (double) (period >> 1)* Math.sin((double) i / (double) period+ (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)/ (double) frames);g.copyArea(i, 0, 1, h1, 0, (int) d);if (borderGap) {g.setColor(color);g.drawLine(i, (int) d, i, 0);g.drawLine(i, (int) d + h1, i, h1);}}}
}

2. 控制層實(shí)現(xiàn)

在Spring Boot的控制器中，我們需要提供一個(gè)接口來(lái)生成驗(yàn)證碼并將其發(fā)送給客戶(hù)端。

// VerifyController.java
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestController
public class VerifyController {@GetMapping("/generateImageCode")public void generateImageCode(HttpSession session, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {//隨機(jī)生成四位隨機(jī)數(shù)String code = VerifyCodeUtils.generateVerifyCode(4);//保存到session域中session.setAttribute("code", code);//根據(jù)隨機(jī)數(shù)生成圖片，reqponse響應(yīng)圖片response.setContentType("image/png");ServletOutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();VerifyCodeUtils.outputImage(130, 60, os, code);}
}

3. 客戶(hù)端展示驗(yàn)證碼

在Web頁(yè)面中，我們需要添加一個(gè)圖像標(biāo)簽來(lái)展示驗(yàn)證碼。

<!-- 在HTML中添加驗(yàn)證碼圖像 -->
<img src="/generateImageCode" alt="驗(yàn)證碼" onclick="this.src='/generateImageCode?'+Math.random();" />

4. 驗(yàn)證驗(yàn)證碼

在用戶(hù)提交表單時(shí)，我們需要驗(yàn)證用戶(hù)輸入的驗(yàn)證碼是否正確。這通常在后端進(jìn)行，通過(guò)比較用戶(hù)輸入的驗(yàn)證碼與Session中保存的驗(yàn)證碼。

// 在登錄方法中驗(yàn)證驗(yàn)證碼
@PostMapping("/login")
public ResponseEntity<?> login(@RequestParam String username, @RequestParam String password, HttpSession session) {// 獲取用戶(hù)輸入的驗(yàn)證碼String userInputCode = request.getParameter("code");// 獲取Session中保存的驗(yàn)證碼String sessionCode = (String) session.getAttribute("code");// 驗(yàn)證驗(yàn)證碼if (!sessionCode.equals(inputCode)) {// 驗(yàn)證碼錯(cuò)誤return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST).body("驗(yàn)證碼錯(cuò)誤");}// 驗(yàn)證碼正確，繼續(xù)登錄邏輯// ...
}

📌 聯(lián)系方式

如果您對(duì)我們的項(xiàng)目感興趣，或者有任何技術(shù)問(wèn)題想要探討，歡迎通過(guò)以下方式與我聯(lián)系。我非常期待與您交流，共同學(xué)習(xí)，共同進(jìn)步！🌊💡🤖

• 郵箱：2109664977@qq.com 📧
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🚀 獲取源代碼

• 后端案例：https://gitee.com/bestwishes0203/Front-end-example
• 前端案例：https://gitee.com/bestwishes0203/Back-end-example

🎉 結(jié)語(yǔ)

感謝你的訪問(wèn)，如果你對(duì)我的技術(shù)文章或項(xiàng)目感興趣，歡迎通過(guò)以上方式與我聯(lián)系。讓我們一起在技術(shù)的道路上不斷前行！🚀