1. 從文件中讀取數(shù)據(jù)

1.1 讀取整個(gè)文件

with open("messages.txt") as message:content = message.read()
print(content)

1.2 逐行讀取

with open("messages.txt") as message:for line in message:print(line)

1.3 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)包含文件各行內(nèi)容的列表

• 等效于逐行讀取

with open("messages.txt") as message:content = message.readlines()
print(content)

2. 寫入文件

2.1 寫入空文件

• open()的模式設(shè)置
  • “r”：只讀（默認(rèn)）
  • “w”：只寫
  • “a”：附加
  • “r+”：讀寫

with open("messages.txt", "w") as message:message.write("123")

2.2 寫入多行

with open("messages.txt", "w") as message:message.write("ABC\n")message.write("123")

2.3 附加到文件

• 附加：不覆蓋原文件，在文件末尾添加文本

with open("messages.txt", "a") as message:message.write("abc")

3. 異常

使用try-except-else代碼塊

• 相當(dāng)于try-catch-else

try:print(5/0)
except ZeroDivisionError:print("Error")
else:print("Finish")

• try：嘗試的代碼塊
• except：出現(xiàn)相應(yīng)異常時(shí)執(zhí)行的代碼塊
  • 可將代碼塊設(shè)置成pass，進(jìn)而跳過(guò)異常處理
• else：無(wú)上述異常時(shí)執(zhí)行的代碼塊

4. 存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)

使用json.dump()和json.load()

import jsonnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]with open("numbers.json", "w") as f:json.dump(numbers, f)with open("numbers.json") as f:print(json.load(f))